Time Machine
Federal finances by presidential term
Debt, receipts, spending by category, interest and the deficit, at the start and end of each term, the same way for every administration.
The federal fiscal year starts October 1. A President takes office in January, partway through a fiscal year whose budget was largely set by the previous administration and Congress, so a term's first fiscal year mostly reflects decisions made before it began.
Amounts are in dollars of each year, not adjusted for inflation; the share of GDP and the per-person figures help compare years. Many things move these numbers at once: the economy, laws passed by earlier Congresses, programs that grow on their own, emergencies. The figures show what happened during each term, not who caused it.
President · Term 2
Donald J. Trump
Jan 20, 2025 to present
Start: FY2024 (ended Sep 30, 2024). End: FY2025, the latest with published figures; this term is in progress.
Federal debt
- FY2024 → FY2026
- $35.46 trillion → $40.17 trillion
- Change
- +$4.71 trillion (+13.3%)
- Share of GDP
- 122.5% → Not available
- Per person
- $104,307 → Not available
- Per household
- $268,233 → Not available
Receipts
- FY2024 → FY2025
- $4.92 trillion → $5.24 trillion
- Change
- +$316.5 billion (+6.4%)
- Share of GDP
- 17.0% → 17.3%
- Per person
- $14,470 → $15,321
- Per household
- $37,211 → Not available
Spending (outlays)
- FY2024 → FY2025
- $6.74 trillion → $7.01 trillion
- Change
- +$275.8 billion (+4.1%)
- Share of GDP
- 23.3% → 23.1%
- Per person
- $19,809 → $20,513
- Per household
- $50,941 → Not available
Surplus or deficit (−)
- FY2024 → FY2025
- −$1.82 trillion → −$1.77 trillion
- Change
- +$40.7 billion
- Share of GDP
- −6.3% → −5.9%
- Per person
- −$5,339 → −$5,192
- Per household
- −$13,730 → Not available
Net interest
- FY2024 → FY2025
- $879.9 billion → $970.1 billion
- Change
- +$90.2 billion (+10.2%)
- Share of GDP
- 3.0% → 3.2%
- Per person
- $2,588 → $2,838
- Per household
- $6,655 → Not available
Spending by category
- National Defense$873.5 billion → $916.1 billion · +4.9% · 3.0% of GDP in FY2025
- Social Security$1.46 trillion → $1.58 trillion · +8.2% · 5.2% of GDP in FY2025
- Medicare$874.1 billion → $996.7 billion · +14.0% · 3.3% of GDP in FY2025
- Health$911.3 billion → $978.5 billion · +7.4% · 3.2% of GDP in FY2025
- Income Security$670.5 billion → $701.6 billion · +4.6% · 2.3% of GDP in FY2025
- Net interest$879.9 billion → $970.1 billion · +10.2% · 3.2% of GDP in FY2025
- Veterans Benefits and Services$325.6 billion → $377.2 billion · +15.8% · 1.2% of GDP in FY2025
- Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services$306.4 billion → $72.0 billion · −76.5% · 0.2% of GDP in FY2025
- Transportation$136.6 billion → $145.3 billion · +6.4% · 0.5% of GDP in FY2025
- Natural Resources and Environment$58.5 billion → $89.8 billion · +53.6% · 0.3% of GDP in FY2025
- International Affairs$56.4 billion → $45.2 billion · −19.9% · 0.1% of GDP in FY2025
- Administration of Justice$83.8 billion → $83.1 billion · −0.8% · 0.3% of GDP in FY2025
- Agriculture$32.8 billion → $47.4 billion · +44.5% · 0.2% of GDP in FY2025
- Energy$13.6 billion → $20.8 billion · +53.0% · 0.1% of GDP in FY2025
- General Science, Space, and Technology$41.5 billion → $42.0 billion · +1.2% · 0.1% of GDP in FY2025
- Community and Regional Development$85.2 billion → $82.4 billion · −3.3% · 0.3% of GDP in FY2025
- Commerce and Housing Credit$36.0 billion → −$28.1 billion · −178.1% · -0.1% of GDP in FY2025
- General Government$35.3 billion → $40.5 billion · +14.8% · 0.1% of GDP in FY2025
OMB Historical Tables, Table 3.1 functions. Net interest is also a category.
Congress during this term
- 119th Congress (2025–2027) · House: Republicans majority (Democrats 215, Republicans 220 at the start) · Senate: Republicans majority
Party divisions as the House and Senate historians list them.
Not available: population for FY2026; household count for FY2026; GDP for FY2026; household count for FY2025.
President
Joseph Robinette Biden Jr.
Jan 20, 2021 to Jan 20, 2025
Start: FY2020 (ended Sep 30, 2020). End: FY2024.
Federal debt
- FY2020 → FY2024
- $26.95 trillion → $35.46 trillion
- Change
- +$8.52 trillion (+31.6%)
- Share of GDP
- 126.3% → 122.5%
- Per person
- $81,264 → $104,307
- Per household
- $209,772 → $268,233
Receipts
- FY2020 → FY2024
- $3.42 trillion → $4.92 trillion
- Change
- +$1.50 trillion (+43.8%)
- Share of GDP
- 16.0% → 17.0%
- Per person
- $10,318 → $14,470
- Per household
- $26,634 → $37,211
Spending (outlays)
- FY2020 → FY2024
- $6.52 trillion → $6.74 trillion
- Change
- +$218.4 billion (+3.4%)
- Share of GDP
- 30.5% → 23.3%
- Per person
- $19,654 → $19,809
- Per household
- $50,734 → $50,941
Surplus or deficit (−)
- FY2020 → FY2024
- −$3.10 trillion → −$1.82 trillion
- Change
- +$1.28 trillion
- Share of GDP
- −14.5% → −6.3%
- Per person
- −$9,336 → −$5,339
- Per household
- −$24,100 → −$13,730
Net interest
- FY2020 → FY2024
- $345.5 billion → $879.9 billion
- Change
- +$534.4 billion (+154.7%)
- Share of GDP
- 1.6% → 3.0%
- Per person
- $1,042 → $2,588
- Per household
- $2,690 → $6,655
Spending by category
- National Defense$724.6 billion → $873.5 billion · +20.6% · 3.0% of GDP in FY2024
- Social Security$1.10 trillion → $1.46 trillion · +33.3% · 5.0% of GDP in FY2024
- Medicare$776.2 billion → $874.1 billion · +12.6% · 3.0% of GDP in FY2024
- Health$747.6 billion → $911.3 billion · +21.9% · 3.1% of GDP in FY2024
- Income Security$1.26 trillion → $670.5 billion · −46.9% · 2.3% of GDP in FY2024
- Net interest$345.5 billion → $879.9 billion · +154.7% · 3.0% of GDP in FY2024
- Veterans Benefits and Services$218.7 billion → $325.6 billion · +48.9% · 1.1% of GDP in FY2024
- Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services$237.8 billion → $306.4 billion · +28.9% · 1.1% of GDP in FY2024
- Transportation$145.6 billion → $136.6 billion · −6.2% · 0.5% of GDP in FY2024
- Natural Resources and Environment$42.4 billion → $58.5 billion · +37.8% · 0.2% of GDP in FY2024
- International Affairs$30.9 billion → $56.4 billion · +82.4% · 0.2% of GDP in FY2024
- Administration of Justice$72.0 billion → $83.8 billion · +16.4% · 0.3% of GDP in FY2024
- Agriculture$47.3 billion → $32.8 billion · −30.6% · 0.1% of GDP in FY2024
- Energy$7.1 billion → $13.6 billion · +91.6% · 0.0% of GDP in FY2024
- General Science, Space, and Technology$34.0 billion → $41.5 billion · +21.9% · 0.1% of GDP in FY2024
- Community and Regional Development$81.9 billion → $85.2 billion · +4.1% · 0.3% of GDP in FY2024
- Commerce and Housing Credit$572.1 billion → $36.0 billion · −93.7% · 0.1% of GDP in FY2024
- General Government$180.1 billion → $35.3 billion · −80.4% · 0.1% of GDP in FY2024
OMB Historical Tables, Table 3.1 functions. Net interest is also a category.
Congress during this term
- 117th Congress (2021–2023) · House: Democrats majority (Democrats 222, Republicans 212 at the start) · Senate: Democrats majority
- 118th Congress (2023–2025) · House: Republicans majority (Democrats 213, Republicans 222 at the start) · Senate: Democrats majority
Party divisions as the House and Senate historians list them.
President · Term 1
Donald J. Trump
Jan 20, 2017 to Jan 20, 2021
Start: FY2016 (ended Sep 30, 2016). End: FY2020.
Federal debt
- FY2016 → FY2020
- $19.57 trillion → $26.95 trillion
- Change
- +$7.37 trillion (+37.7%)
- Share of GDP
- 105.0% → 126.3%
- Per person
- $60,585 → $81,264
- Per household
- $155,568 → $209,772
Receipts
- FY2016 → FY2020
- $3.27 trillion → $3.42 trillion
- Change
- +$153.2 billion (+4.7%)
- Share of GDP
- 17.5% → 16.0%
- Per person
- $10,115 → $10,318
- Per household
- $25,974 → $26,634
Spending (outlays)
- FY2016 → FY2020
- $3.85 trillion → $6.52 trillion
- Change
- +$2.66 trillion (+69.2%)
- Share of GDP
- 20.7% → 30.5%
- Per person
- $11,925 → $19,654
- Per household
- $30,620 → $50,734
Surplus or deficit (−)
- FY2016 → FY2020
- −$584.6 billion → −$3.10 trillion
- Change
- −$2.51 trillion
- Share of GDP
- −3.1% → −14.5%
- Per person
- −$1,810 → −$9,336
- Per household
- −$4,647 → −$24,100
Net interest
- FY2016 → FY2020
- $240.0 billion → $345.5 billion
- Change
- +$105.4 billion (+43.9%)
- Share of GDP
- 1.3% → 1.6%
- Per person
- $743 → $1,042
- Per household
- $1,908 → $2,690
Spending by category
- National Defense$593.4 billion → $724.6 billion · +22.1% · 3.4% of GDP in FY2020
- Social Security$916.1 billion → $1.10 trillion · +19.6% · 5.1% of GDP in FY2020
- Medicare$594.5 billion → $776.2 billion · +30.6% · 3.6% of GDP in FY2020
- Health$511.3 billion → $747.6 billion · +46.2% · 3.5% of GDP in FY2020
- Income Security$514.1 billion → $1.26 trillion · +145.8% · 5.9% of GDP in FY2020
- Net interest$240.0 billion → $345.5 billion · +43.9% · 1.6% of GDP in FY2020
- Veterans Benefits and Services$174.6 billion → $218.7 billion · +25.3% · 1.0% of GDP in FY2020
- Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services$109.7 billion → $237.8 billion · +116.7% · 1.1% of GDP in FY2020
- Transportation$92.6 billion → $145.6 billion · +57.3% · 0.7% of GDP in FY2020
- Natural Resources and Environment$39.1 billion → $42.4 billion · +8.6% · 0.2% of GDP in FY2020
- International Affairs$45.3 billion → $30.9 billion · −31.7% · 0.1% of GDP in FY2020
- Administration of Justice$55.8 billion → $72.0 billion · +29.1% · 0.3% of GDP in FY2020
- Agriculture$18.3 billion → $47.3 billion · +157.8% · 0.2% of GDP in FY2020
- Energy$3.7 billion → $7.1 billion · +90.4% · 0.0% of GDP in FY2020
- General Science, Space, and Technology$30.2 billion → $34.0 billion · +12.8% · 0.2% of GDP in FY2020
- Community and Regional Development$20.1 billion → $81.9 billion · +306.5% · 0.4% of GDP in FY2020
- Commerce and Housing Credit−$34.1 billion → $572.1 billion · +1778.8% · 2.7% of GDP in FY2020
- General Government$23.1 billion → $180.1 billion · +678.1% · 0.8% of GDP in FY2020
OMB Historical Tables, Table 3.1 functions. Net interest is also a category.
Congress during this term
- 115th Congress (2017–2019) · House: Republicans majority (Democrats 194, Republicans 241 at the start) · Senate: Republicans majority
- 116th Congress (2019–2021) · House: Democrats majority (Democrats 235, Republicans 199 at the start) · Senate: Republicans majority
Party divisions as the House and Senate historians list them.
Marked events that began during this term
- Recession (NBER business cycle dates): 2020-02 to 2020-04 · Source ↗
- COVID-19 public health emergency (HHS determination): 2020-01 to 2023-05 · Source ↗
President · Term 2
Barack Hussein Obama
Jan 20, 2013 to Jan 20, 2017
Start: FY2012 (ended Sep 30, 2012). End: FY2016.
Federal debt
- FY2012 → FY2016
- $16.07 trillion → $19.57 trillion
- Change
- +$3.51 trillion (+21.8%)
- Share of GDP
- 99.7% → 105.0%
- Per person
- $51,186 → $60,585
- Per household
- $132,687 → $155,568
Receipts
- FY2012 → FY2016
- $2.45 trillion → $3.27 trillion
- Change
- +$818.0 billion (+33.4%)
- Share of GDP
- 15.2% → 17.5%
- Per person
- $7,806 → $10,115
- Per household
- $20,234 → $25,974
Spending (outlays)
- FY2012 → FY2016
- $3.53 trillion → $3.85 trillion
- Change
- +$326.1 billion (+9.2%)
- Share of GDP
- 21.9% → 20.7%
- Per person
- $11,235 → $11,925
- Per household
- $29,125 → $30,620
Surplus or deficit (−)
- FY2012 → FY2016
- −$1.08 trillion → −$584.6 billion
- Change
- +$491.9 billion
- Share of GDP
- −6.7% → −3.1%
- Per person
- −$3,430 → −$1,810
- Per household
- −$8,891 → −$4,647
Net interest
- FY2012 → FY2016
- $220.4 billion → $240.0 billion
- Change
- +$19.6 billion (+8.9%)
- Share of GDP
- 1.4% → 1.3%
- Per person
- $702 → $743
- Per household
- $1,820 → $1,908
Spending by category
- National Defense$677.9 billion → $593.4 billion · −12.5% · 3.2% of GDP in FY2016
- Social Security$773.3 billion → $916.1 billion · +18.5% · 4.9% of GDP in FY2016
- Medicare$471.8 billion → $594.5 billion · +26.0% · 3.2% of GDP in FY2016
- Health$346.8 billion → $511.3 billion · +47.5% · 2.7% of GDP in FY2016
- Income Security$541.2 billion → $514.1 billion · −5.0% · 2.8% of GDP in FY2016
- Net interest$220.4 billion → $240.0 billion · +8.9% · 1.3% of GDP in FY2016
- Veterans Benefits and Services$124.7 billion → $174.6 billion · +40.0% · 0.9% of GDP in FY2016
- Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services$90.8 billion → $109.7 billion · +20.8% · 0.6% of GDP in FY2016
- Transportation$93.0 billion → $92.6 billion · −0.5% · 0.5% of GDP in FY2016
- Natural Resources and Environment$41.6 billion → $39.1 billion · −6.1% · 0.2% of GDP in FY2016
- International Affairs$36.8 billion → $45.3 billion · +23.1% · 0.2% of GDP in FY2016
- Administration of Justice$56.3 billion → $55.8 billion · −0.9% · 0.3% of GDP in FY2016
- Agriculture$17.8 billion → $18.3 billion · +3.1% · 0.1% of GDP in FY2016
- Energy$14.9 billion → $3.7 billion · −75.0% · 0.0% of GDP in FY2016
- General Science, Space, and Technology$29.1 billion → $30.2 billion · +3.8% · 0.2% of GDP in FY2016
- Community and Regional Development$25.1 billion → $20.1 billion · −19.9% · 0.1% of GDP in FY2016
- Commerce and Housing Credit$40.6 billion → −$34.1 billion · −183.8% · -0.2% of GDP in FY2016
- General Government$28.0 billion → $23.1 billion · −17.4% · 0.1% of GDP in FY2016
OMB Historical Tables, Table 3.1 functions. Net interest is also a category.
Congress during this term
- 113th Congress (2013–2015) · House: Republicans majority (Democrats 201, Republicans 234 at the start) · Senate: Democrats majority
- 114th Congress (2015–2017) · House: Republicans majority (Democrats 188, Republicans 247 at the start) · Senate: Republicans majority
Party divisions as the House and Senate historians list them.
President · Term 1
Barack Hussein Obama
Jan 20, 2009 to Jan 20, 2013
Start: FY2008 (ended Sep 30, 2008). End: FY2012.
Federal debt
- FY2008 → FY2012
- $10.02 trillion → $16.07 trillion
- Change
- +$6.04 trillion (+60.3%)
- Share of GDP
- 67.8% → 99.7%
- Per person
- $32,966 → $51,186
- Per household
- $85,841 → $132,687
Receipts
- FY2008 → FY2012
- $2.52 trillion → $2.45 trillion
- Change
- −$74.0 billion (−2.9%)
- Share of GDP
- 17.1% → 15.2%
- Per person
- $8,300 → $7,806
- Per household
- $21,613 → $20,234
Spending (outlays)
- FY2008 → FY2012
- $2.98 trillion → $3.53 trillion
- Change
- +$544.0 billion (+18.2%)
- Share of GDP
- 20.2% → 21.9%
- Per person
- $9,808 → $11,235
- Per household
- $25,539 → $29,125
Surplus or deficit (−)
- FY2008 → FY2012
- −$458.6 billion → −$1.08 trillion
- Change
- −$618.0 billion
- Share of GDP
- −3.1% → −6.7%
- Per person
- −$1,508 → −$3,430
- Per household
- −$3,927 → −$8,891
Net interest
- FY2008 → FY2012
- $252.8 billion → $220.4 billion
- Change
- −$32.3 billion (−12.8%)
- Share of GDP
- 1.7% → 1.4%
- Per person
- $831 → $702
- Per household
- $2,164 → $1,820
Spending by category
- National Defense$616.1 billion → $677.9 billion · +10.0% · 4.2% of GDP in FY2012
- Social Security$617.0 billion → $773.3 billion · +25.3% · 4.8% of GDP in FY2012
- Medicare$390.8 billion → $471.8 billion · +20.7% · 2.9% of GDP in FY2012
- Health$280.6 billion → $346.8 billion · +23.6% · 2.2% of GDP in FY2012
- Income Security$431.2 billion → $541.2 billion · +25.5% · 3.4% of GDP in FY2012
- Net interest$252.8 billion → $220.4 billion · −12.8% · 1.4% of GDP in FY2012
- Veterans Benefits and Services$84.7 billion → $124.7 billion · +47.2% · 0.8% of GDP in FY2012
- Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services$91.3 billion → $90.8 billion · −0.5% · 0.6% of GDP in FY2012
- Transportation$77.6 billion → $93.0 billion · +19.8% · 0.6% of GDP in FY2012
- Natural Resources and Environment$31.8 billion → $41.6 billion · +30.8% · 0.3% of GDP in FY2012
- International Affairs$28.9 billion → $36.8 billion · +27.5% · 0.2% of GDP in FY2012
- Administration of Justice$48.1 billion → $56.3 billion · +17.0% · 0.3% of GDP in FY2012
- Agriculture$18.4 billion → $17.8 billion · −3.2% · 0.1% of GDP in FY2012
- Energy$631.0 million → $14.9 billion · +2254.7% · 0.1% of GDP in FY2012
- General Science, Space, and Technology$26.8 billion → $29.1 billion · +8.5% · 0.2% of GDP in FY2012
- Community and Regional Development$24.0 billion → $25.1 billion · +4.9% · 0.2% of GDP in FY2012
- Commerce and Housing Credit$27.9 billion → $40.6 billion · +45.8% · 0.3% of GDP in FY2012
- General Government$20.3 billion → $28.0 billion · +37.9% · 0.2% of GDP in FY2012
OMB Historical Tables, Table 3.1 functions. Net interest is also a category.
Congress during this term
- 111th Congress (2009–2011) · House: Democrats majority (Democrats 257, Republicans 178 at the start) · Senate: Democrats majority
- 112th Congress (2011–2013) · House: Republicans majority (Democrats 193, Republicans 242 at the start) · Senate: Democrats majority
Party divisions as the House and Senate historians list them.
Marked events that began during this term
- 2009 H1N1 influenza public health emergency (HHS determination): 2009-04 to 2010-06 · Source ↗
President · Term 2
George Walker Bush
Jan 20, 2005 to Jan 20, 2009
Start: FY2004 (ended Sep 30, 2004). End: FY2008.
Federal debt
- FY2004 → FY2008
- $7.38 trillion → $10.02 trillion
- Change
- +$2.65 trillion (+35.9%)
- Share of GDP
- 61.3% → 67.8%
- Per person
- $25,201 → $32,966
- Per household
- $65,884 → $85,841
Receipts
- FY2004 → FY2008
- $1.88 trillion → $2.52 trillion
- Change
- +$643.9 billion (+34.2%)
- Share of GDP
- 15.6% → 17.1%
- Per person
- $6,421 → $8,300
- Per household
- $16,787 → $21,613
Spending (outlays)
- FY2004 → FY2008
- $2.29 trillion → $2.98 trillion
- Change
- +$689.7 billion (+30.1%)
- Share of GDP
- 19.1% → 20.2%
- Per person
- $7,831 → $9,808
- Per household
- $20,472 → $25,539
Surplus or deficit (−)
- FY2004 → FY2008
- −$412.7 billion → −$458.6 billion
- Change
- −$45.8 billion
- Share of GDP
- −3.4% → −3.1%
- Per person
- −$1,410 → −$1,508
- Per household
- −$3,685 → −$3,927
Net interest
- FY2004 → FY2008
- $160.2 billion → $252.8 billion
- Change
- +$92.5 billion (+57.7%)
- Share of GDP
- 1.3% → 1.7%
- Per person
- $547 → $831
- Per household
- $1,431 → $2,164
Spending by category
- National Defense$455.8 billion → $616.1 billion · +35.2% · 4.2% of GDP in FY2008
- Social Security$495.5 billion → $617.0 billion · +24.5% · 4.2% of GDP in FY2008
- Medicare$269.4 billion → $390.8 billion · +45.1% · 2.6% of GDP in FY2008
- Health$240.1 billion → $280.6 billion · +16.9% · 1.9% of GDP in FY2008
- Income Security$333.0 billion → $431.2 billion · +29.5% · 2.9% of GDP in FY2008
- Net interest$160.2 billion → $252.8 billion · +57.7% · 1.7% of GDP in FY2008
- Veterans Benefits and Services$59.7 billion → $84.7 billion · +41.8% · 0.6% of GDP in FY2008
- Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services$88.0 billion → $91.3 billion · +3.8% · 0.6% of GDP in FY2008
- Transportation$64.6 billion → $77.6 billion · +20.1% · 0.5% of GDP in FY2008
- Natural Resources and Environment$30.7 billion → $31.8 billion · +3.7% · 0.2% of GDP in FY2008
- International Affairs$26.9 billion → $28.9 billion · +7.4% · 0.2% of GDP in FY2008
- Administration of Justice$45.6 billion → $48.1 billion · +5.5% · 0.3% of GDP in FY2008
- Agriculture$15.4 billion → $18.4 billion · +19.1% · 0.1% of GDP in FY2008
- Energy−$147.0 million → $631.0 million · +529.3% · 0.0% of GDP in FY2008
- General Science, Space, and Technology$23.0 billion → $26.8 billion · +16.3% · 0.2% of GDP in FY2008
- Community and Regional Development$15.8 billion → $24.0 billion · +51.4% · 0.2% of GDP in FY2008
- Commerce and Housing Credit$5.3 billion → $27.9 billion · +429.3% · 0.2% of GDP in FY2008
- General Government$22.3 billion → $20.3 billion · −9.0% · 0.1% of GDP in FY2008
OMB Historical Tables, Table 3.1 functions. Net interest is also a category.
Congress during this term
- 109th Congress (2005–2007) · House: Republicans majority (Democrats 202, Republicans 232 at the start) · Senate: Republicans majority
- 110th Congress (2007–2009) · House: Democrats majority (Democrats 233, Republicans 202 at the start) · Senate: Democrats majority
Party divisions as the House and Senate historians list them.
Marked events that began during this term
- Recession (NBER business cycle dates): 2007-12 to 2009-06 · Source ↗
President · Term 1
George Walker Bush
Jan 20, 2001 to Jan 20, 2005
Start: FY2000 (ended Sep 30, 2000). End: FY2004.
Federal debt
- FY2000 → FY2004
- $5.67 trillion → $7.38 trillion
- Change
- +$1.70 trillion (+30.0%)
- Share of GDP
- 56.1% → 61.3%
- Per person
- $20,110 → $25,201
- Per household
- $54,192 → $65,884
Receipts
- FY2000 → FY2004
- $2.03 trillion → $1.88 trillion
- Change
- −$145.1 billion (−7.2%)
- Share of GDP
- 20.0% → 15.6%
- Per person
- $7,177 → $6,421
- Per household
- $19,342 → $16,787
Spending (outlays)
- FY2000 → FY2004
- $1.79 trillion → $2.29 trillion
- Change
- +$503.9 billion (+28.2%)
- Share of GDP
- 17.7% → 19.1%
- Per person
- $6,340 → $7,831
- Per household
- $17,086 → $20,472
Surplus or deficit (−)
- FY2000 → FY2004
- $236.2 billion → −$412.7 billion
- Change
- −$649.0 billion
- Share of GDP
- 2.3% → −3.4%
- Per person
- $837 → −$1,410
- Per household
- $2,256 → −$3,685
Net interest
- FY2000 → FY2004
- $222.9 billion → $160.2 billion
- Change
- −$62.7 billion (−28.1%)
- Share of GDP
- 2.2% → 1.3%
- Per person
- $790 → $547
- Per household
- $2,129 → $1,431
Spending by category
- National Defense$294.4 billion → $455.8 billion · +54.8% · 3.8% of GDP in FY2004
- Social Security$409.4 billion → $495.5 billion · +21.0% · 4.1% of GDP in FY2004
- Medicare$197.1 billion → $269.4 billion · +36.7% · 2.2% of GDP in FY2004
- Health$154.5 billion → $240.1 billion · +55.4% · 2.0% of GDP in FY2004
- Income Security$253.7 billion → $333.0 billion · +31.3% · 2.8% of GDP in FY2004
- Net interest$222.9 billion → $160.2 billion · −28.1% · 1.3% of GDP in FY2004
- Veterans Benefits and Services$47.0 billion → $59.7 billion · +27.0% · 0.5% of GDP in FY2004
- Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services$53.8 billion → $88.0 billion · +63.7% · 0.7% of GDP in FY2004
- Transportation$46.9 billion → $64.6 billion · +37.9% · 0.5% of GDP in FY2004
- Natural Resources and Environment$25.0 billion → $30.7 billion · +22.8% · 0.3% of GDP in FY2004
- International Affairs$17.2 billion → $26.9 billion · +56.1% · 0.2% of GDP in FY2004
- Administration of Justice$28.5 billion → $45.6 billion · +59.9% · 0.4% of GDP in FY2004
- Agriculture$36.5 billion → $15.4 billion · −57.7% · 0.1% of GDP in FY2004
- Energy−$761.0 million → −$147.0 million · +80.7% · -0.0% of GDP in FY2004
- General Science, Space, and Technology$18.6 billion → $23.0 billion · +23.9% · 0.2% of GDP in FY2004
- Community and Regional Development$10.6 billion → $15.8 billion · +48.9% · 0.1% of GDP in FY2004
- Commerce and Housing Credit$3.2 billion → $5.3 billion · +64.2% · 0.0% of GDP in FY2004
- General Government$13.0 billion → $22.3 billion · +71.7% · 0.2% of GDP in FY2004
OMB Historical Tables, Table 3.1 functions. Net interest is also a category.
Congress during this term
- 107th Congress (2001–2003) · House: Republicans majority (Democrats 212, Republicans 221 at the start) · Senate: the majority changed during this Congress (Democrats, then Republicans, then Democrats, then Republicans)
- 108th Congress (2003–2005) · House: Republicans majority (Democrats 205, Republicans 229 at the start) · Senate: Republicans majority
Party divisions as the House and Senate historians list them.
Marked events that began during this term
- Recession (NBER business cycle dates): 2001-03 to 2001-11 · Source ↗
- Authorization for Use of Military Force (Public Law 107-40): 2001-09 · Source ↗
- Authorization for Use of Military Force Against Iraq (Public Law 107-243): 2002-10 · Source ↗
President · Term 2
William Jefferson Clinton
Jan 20, 1997 to Jan 20, 2001
Start: FY1996 (ended Sep 30, 1996). End: FY2000.
Federal debt
- FY1996 → FY2000
- $5.22 trillion → $5.67 trillion
- Change
- +$449.4 billion (+8.6%)
- Share of GDP
- 65.7% → 56.1%
- Per person
- $19,395 → $20,110
- Per household
- $52,444 → $54,192
Receipts
- FY1996 → FY2000
- $1.45 trillion → $2.03 trillion
- Change
- +$572.1 billion (+39.4%)
- Share of GDP
- 18.3% → 20.0%
- Per person
- $5,394 → $7,177
- Per household
- $14,585 → $19,342
Spending (outlays)
- FY1996 → FY2000
- $1.56 trillion → $1.79 trillion
- Change
- +$228.5 billion (+14.6%)
- Share of GDP
- 19.6% → 17.7%
- Per person
- $5,793 → $6,340
- Per household
- $15,663 → $17,086
Surplus or deficit (−)
- FY1996 → FY2000
- −$107.4 billion → $236.2 billion
- Change
- +$343.7 billion
- Share of GDP
- −1.4% → 2.3%
- Per person
- −$399 → $837
- Per household
- −$1,078 → $2,256
Net interest
- FY1996 → FY2000
- $241.1 billion → $222.9 billion
- Change
- −$18.1 billion (−7.5%)
- Share of GDP
- 3.0% → 2.2%
- Per person
- $895 → $790
- Per household
- $2,420 → $2,129
Spending by category
- National Defense$265.7 billion → $294.4 billion · +10.8% · 2.9% of GDP in FY2000
- Social Security$349.7 billion → $409.4 billion · +17.1% · 4.0% of GDP in FY2000
- Medicare$174.2 billion → $197.1 billion · +13.1% · 1.9% of GDP in FY2000
- Health$119.3 billion → $154.5 billion · +29.5% · 1.5% of GDP in FY2000
- Income Security$229.7 billion → $253.7 billion · +10.4% · 2.5% of GDP in FY2000
- Net interest$241.1 billion → $222.9 billion · −7.5% · 2.2% of GDP in FY2000
- Veterans Benefits and Services$37.0 billion → $47.0 billion · +27.1% · 0.5% of GDP in FY2000
- Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services$48.3 billion → $53.8 billion · +11.2% · 0.5% of GDP in FY2000
- Transportation$39.6 billion → $46.9 billion · +18.4% · 0.5% of GDP in FY2000
- Natural Resources and Environment$21.5 billion → $25.0 billion · +16.3% · 0.2% of GDP in FY2000
- International Affairs$13.5 billion → $17.2 billion · +27.6% · 0.2% of GDP in FY2000
- Administration of Justice$17.9 billion → $28.5 billion · +59.2% · 0.3% of GDP in FY2000
- Agriculture$9.0 billion → $36.5 billion · +303.5% · 0.4% of GDP in FY2000
- Energy$2.8 billion → −$761.0 million · −126.8% · -0.0% of GDP in FY2000
- General Science, Space, and Technology$16.7 billion → $18.6 billion · +11.4% · 0.2% of GDP in FY2000
- Community and Regional Development$10.7 billion → $10.6 billion · −1.1% · 0.1% of GDP in FY2000
- Commerce and Housing Credit−$10.5 billion → $3.2 billion · +130.6% · 0.0% of GDP in FY2000
- General Government$11.8 billion → $13.0 billion · +10.7% · 0.1% of GDP in FY2000
OMB Historical Tables, Table 3.1 functions. Net interest is also a category.
Congress during this term
- 105th Congress (1997–1999) · House: Republicans majority (Democrats 207, Republicans 226 at the start) · Senate: Republicans majority
- 106th Congress (1999–2001) · House: Republicans majority (Democrats 211, Republicans 223 at the start) · Senate: Republicans majority
Party divisions as the House and Senate historians list them.
President · Term 1
William Jefferson Clinton
Jan 20, 1993 to Jan 20, 1997
Start: FY1992 (ended Sep 30, 1992). End: FY1996.
Federal debt
- FY1992 → FY1996
- $4.06 trillion → $5.22 trillion
- Change
- +$1.16 trillion (+28.5%)
- Share of GDP
- 63.3% → 65.7%
- Per person
- $15,846 → $19,395
- Per household
- $42,486 → $52,444
Receipts
- FY1992 → FY1996
- $1.09 trillion → $1.45 trillion
- Change
- +$361.8 billion (+33.2%)
- Share of GDP
- 17.0% → 18.3%
- Per person
- $4,254 → $5,394
- Per household
- $11,406 → $14,585
Spending (outlays)
- FY1992 → FY1996
- $1.38 trillion → $1.56 trillion
- Change
- +$179.0 billion (+13.0%)
- Share of GDP
- 21.5% → 19.6%
- Per person
- $5,386 → $5,793
- Per household
- $14,441 → $15,663
Surplus or deficit (−)
- FY1992 → FY1996
- −$290.3 billion → −$107.4 billion
- Change
- +$182.9 billion
- Share of GDP
- −4.5% → −1.4%
- Per person
- −$1,132 → −$399
- Per household
- −$3,035 → −$1,078
Net interest
- FY1992 → FY1996
- $199.3 billion → $241.1 billion
- Change
- +$41.7 billion (+20.9%)
- Share of GDP
- 3.1% → 3.0%
- Per person
- $777 → $895
- Per household
- $2,084 → $2,420
Spending by category
- National Defense$298.3 billion → $265.7 billion · −10.9% · 3.3% of GDP in FY1996
- Social Security$287.6 billion → $349.7 billion · +21.6% · 4.4% of GDP in FY1996
- Medicare$119.0 billion → $174.2 billion · +46.4% · 2.2% of GDP in FY1996
- Health$89.4 billion → $119.3 billion · +33.5% · 1.5% of GDP in FY1996
- Income Security$199.7 billion → $229.7 billion · +15.0% · 2.9% of GDP in FY1996
- Net interest$199.3 billion → $241.1 billion · +20.9% · 3.0% of GDP in FY1996
- Veterans Benefits and Services$34.1 billion → $37.0 billion · +8.5% · 0.5% of GDP in FY1996
- Education, Training, Employment, and Social Services$42.8 billion → $48.3 billion · +12.9% · 0.6% of GDP in FY1996
- Transportation$33.3 billion → $39.6 billion · +18.7% · 0.5% of GDP in FY1996
- Natural Resources and Environment$20.0 billion → $21.5 billion · +7.5% · 0.3% of GDP in FY1996
- International Affairs$16.1 billion → $13.5 billion · −16.2% · 0.2% of GDP in FY1996
- Administration of Justice$14.7 billion → $17.9 billion · +22.2% · 0.2% of GDP in FY1996
- Agriculture$14.9 billion → $9.0 billion · −39.5% · 0.1% of GDP in FY1996
- Energy$4.5 billion → $2.8 billion · −36.9% · 0.0% of GDP in FY1996
- General Science, Space, and Technology$16.4 billion → $16.7 billion · +1.8% · 0.2% of GDP in FY1996
- Community and Regional Development$6.8 billion → $10.7 billion · +57.1% · 0.1% of GDP in FY1996
- Commerce and Housing Credit$10.9 billion → −$10.5 billion · −196.0% · -0.1% of GDP in FY1996
- General Government$12.9 billion → $11.8 billion · −8.8% · 0.1% of GDP in FY1996
OMB Historical Tables, Table 3.1 functions. Net interest is also a category.
Congress during this term
- 103rd Congress (1993–1995) · House: Democrats majority (Democrats 258, Republicans 176 at the start) · Senate: Democrats majority
- 104th Congress (1995–1997) · House: Republicans majority (Democrats 204, Republicans 230 at the start) · Senate: Republicans majority
Party divisions as the House and Senate historians list them.